Food Sci Nutr. 2026 Apr 26;14(5):e71755. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.71755. eCollection 2026 May.
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide, creating interest in adjunctive strategies that complement standard care. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb rich in tanshinones and salvianolic acids, has been investigated for multi-target cardiovascular effects. This narrative review summarizes key phytochemical classes, preclinical mechanisms, human clinical findings, and formulation approaches aimed at improving bioavailability. Preclinical studies consistently report antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, antithrombotic, and anti-fibrotic activities, involving pathways such as endothelial nitric oxide signaling and modulation of NF-κB/MAPK-related inflammation. Clinical studies have reported potential benefits in conditions such as coronary artery disease and myocardial ischemia; however, the overall evidence is limited by heterogeneity in preparations and dosing, variable product composition, small sample sizes, and a shortage of rigorously designed trials. Practical translation is further constrained by poor solubility and rapid metabolism of key constituents, though delivery platforms (e.g., liposomes, nanoparticles, and self-microemulsifying systems) may enhance exposure in experimental settings. Overall, Danshen remains a plausible adjunct candidate, but standardization and high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to establish efficacy, safety, and interaction risk with conventional cardiovascular therapies.
PMID:42052427 | PMC:PMC13111759 | DOI:10.1002/fsn3.71755