Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2026 Apr 30;61(5):655-660. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260131-00073. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the disease types, clinical characteristics, and emergency manage ment measures for critical cases in the oral emergency department, and to provide a reference for improving the basic emergency rescue capabilities of dental practitiers. Methods: A retrospellive analysis was conducted on patients with complete medical records who were admitted to the Department of Oral Emergency, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from January 2006 to September 2025. Basic information and rescue data of the patients were collected, and the disease composition, key characteristics of clinical treatment and disease outcome were studied and analyzed. Results: A total of 92 patients were included, with an average age of 47 years (4 to 88 years, median 49 years). There were 62 male patients (67.4%) and 30 female patients (32.6%). Among the critically ill patients who visited the oral emergency department in the past 20 years, 61.9% were diagnosed with maxillofacial hemorrhage and cardiovascular accidents, accounting for 38.0% (35/92) and 23.9% (22/92) of the rescued patients, respectively, which were the most common diagnoses in emergency rescue. The next most common were upper airway obstruction in 17 cases and vasovagal syncope in 13 cases, accounting for 32.6% of the rescued patients. Among the 35 cases of maxillofacial hemorrhage, 20 patients (57.1%) had maxillofacial trauma, and 17 patients (48.6%) developed hemorrhagic shock. The study observed that secondary hemorrhage and airway obstruction caused by maxillofacial tumors were common causes of oral critical rescue, accounting for 34.3% (12/35) and 12/17 of the hemorrhage and airway obstruction cases, respectively. The study observed that 5 patients with airway obstruction caused by space infection received emergency treatment, accounting for 29.4% (5/17) of the airway obstruction patients. In the rescue work of oral emergencies, electrocardiogram monitoring (98.9%, 91/92), oxygen inhalation (96.7%, 89/92), and opening of venous access (78.3%, 72/92) were the most commonly used supportive treatment techniques; tracheal intubation was the main measure for respiratory system emergency rescue, followed by cricothyrotomy and tracheotomy. All 15 patients with cardiac arrest received cardiopulmonary resuscitation treatment, and 8 patients underwent defibrillation. Adrenaline was the most frequently used drug in emergency rescue, mainly applied to patients with cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock, followed by nitroglycerin, lidocaine, dopamine, aspirin, and midazolam. The rescue success rate of the 92 cases receiving emergency treatment was 91.3% (84/92), and 8 deaths included 3 cases of cardiac arrest caused by airway obstruction and 5 cases of respiratory and circulatory failure. Conclusions: Dental practitioners should be able to quickly identify medical emergencies and immediately carry out emergency rescue. Oral departments should be equipped with relevant emergency drugs and equipment, and medical staff should receive regular emergency skills training to improve their ability to handle medical emergencies and enhance medical safety.
PMID:42056033 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260131-00073