J Clin Lipidol. 2026 Mar 16:S1933-2874(26)00075-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jacl.2026.03.005. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Despite the rising prevalence of dyslipidemia in adolescents from socioeconomic and lifestyle transitions, nationally representative data on dyslipidemia and its risk factors among Indian adolescents remain limited.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among Indian adolescents using nationally representative survey data.
METHODS: Using the Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) data (2016-2018), we estimated the prevalence and risk factors of dyslipidemia among adolescents aged 10 to 19 years (n = 11,960). Overall dyslipidemia (≥1 lipid abnormality) prevalence was estimated at the national and state levels, accounting for sampling design. Prevalence of each lipid abnormality was stratified by age, gender, and residence. Binomial logistic regression examined associated risk factors and interactions between lifestyle factors and comorbidities.
RESULTS: In CNNS, overall dyslipidemia prevalence was 39.9% (95% CI: 37.4-42.4), higher in boys (41.9%), late-adolescents (42.5%), and rural residents (41.1%). Prevalence varied widely across states. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (28.0%) was the most prevalent lipid abnormality, followed by high triglycerides (TGs) (15.8%). Low HDL-C was more prevalent in boys, and high TG was more prevalent in girls, whereas both abnormalities were more prevalent in late adolescents and rural areas. Besides male gender and late adolescence, lower wealth index, Muslims or Christians, overweight/obesity, alcohol use, and low physical activity had higher odds of dyslipidemia. Belonging to other socio-educationally disadvantaged communities or being ovovegetarian was protective. Alcohol use, diet, and obesity showed significant interactions.
CONCLUSION: In India, nearly two-fifths of the adolescents have dyslipidemia, posing a substantial future cardiovascular disease burden and premature mortality. These findings emphasize the need for school-based early screening and lifestyle interventions.
PMID:41951469 | DOI:10.1016/j.jacl.2026.03.005