NPJ Biomed Innov. 2025 Jun 10;2(1):17. doi: 10.1038/s44385-025-00024-y.
ABSTRACT
Cardiac spheroids (CSs) offer valuable insights into the fundamental aspects of cardiac biology as they model molecular, cellular, and extracellular features typical of the myocardium. This review introduces current engineering methods for CS generation and their applications. Commonly referred to as "mini hearts", their applications include disease modelling, drug and toxicity screening, and personalised therapeutics in cardiac regenerative medicine.
PMID:42032307 | DOI:10.1038/s44385-025-00024-y