Rehabilitation (Stuttg). 2026 Feb;65(1):61-72. doi: 10.1055/a-2615-6956. Epub 2026 Feb 19.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third most common cause of cardiovascular death worldwide, with a suspected high number of unreported cases. If left untreated, the mortality rate ranges from 25-30%. With treatment, it decreases to approximately 8% after one year.In addition to the acute thromboembolic event PE can have far-reaching long-term health and personal consequences for the patient including limitations in physical performance, psychosocial effects and significant impairments in health-related quality of life. There is also a significant risk of an embolism recurrence. Furthermore, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) or post-pulmonary embolism syndrome (PPS) can develop.The goals of a long-term follow-up strategy - including cardiac rehabilitation (CR) - are to prevent recurrences, achieve sustained improvements in physical performance, and reduce dyspnea in patients with limitations often caused by general muscular deconditioning. Another key objective is to sustainably improve quality of life, with impacts on personal, family, and professional environment.Although PE is common, structured follow-up and rehabilitation programs are largely lacking. In contrast to other cardiovascular conditions, such as myocardial infarction, post-PE care is typically limited to a few follow-up appointments. A stronger scientific evidence base, clearly defined care pathways, and interdisciplinary CR are needed.This article presents the current state of research on CR after a PE event and highlights the specific characteristics and considerations relevant to this setting.
PMID:41713487 | DOI:10.1055/a-2615-6956