BMC Public Health. 2026 Feb 24. doi: 10.1186/s12889-026-26700-1. Online ahead of print.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The high smoking prevalence and growing burden of chronic metabolic diseases have been threatening public health in Northeast China. This study aimed to investigate the association of smoking/quitting status with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia in residents in Northeast China.
METHODS: A total of 78,674 adults aged 35-75 years old were enrolled from a cross-sectional study conducted in Northeast China in 2020. Demographic data were collected, and biochemical indices and anthropometric indices were measured. Associations of smoking/quitting status with hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia were investigated using logistic regression. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to assess the dose-response relationship between smoking/quitting status and prevalence of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension.
RESULTS: A total of 16,401 (20.85%) smokers, 25,805 (32.80%) adults with dyslipidemia, 16,812 (21.37%) adults with diabetes, and 33,539 (42.63%) adults with hypertension were identified in this study. The risk of diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension in current heavy smokers and former heavy smokers were higher than that in never-smokers (all P < 0.001). The risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension elevated with the increase of cigarette amounts from "1-5 cigarettes per day" to "≥31 cigarettes per day" and smoking duration from "1-18 years" to "19-31 years". However, excluding quitting smoking for 2-3 years (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.01-1.67, P = 0.041) and 7-20 years (OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.12-1.83, P = 0.004) enhancing diabetes risk, quitting duration was not associated with the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension (all P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Smoking status, smoking amount, and smoking duration, rather than quitting duration, are associated with the risk of dyslipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension among adults in Northeast China.
PMID:41731406 | DOI:10.1186/s12889-026-26700-1