Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2026 Jun 1;81(6):304-314. doi: 10.1097/OGX.0000000000001554. Epub 2026 Jun 4.
ABSTRACT
IMPORTANCE: Amniotic fluid embolism is a serious complication of pregnancy where fetal cells, amniotic fluid, and debris enter the maternal circulation, leading to cardiovascular collapse, respiratory issues, and disseminated intravascular coagulation, which can cause acute hemorrhage. Although the exact cause of this embolization is unknown, it frequently occurs in healthy women during pregnancy, after obstetric procedures, or within 48 hours after delivery. Early symptoms of amniotic fluid embolism are often nonspecific, potentially leading to misdiagnosis and increased maternal mortality and morbidity.
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this review is to synthesize the current literature on early diagnosis methods, increase awareness and understanding of AFE, and ultimately improve outcomes for mothers and their babies. The importance of early recognition and intervention is also highlighted, as well as the potential for long-term complications such as cognitive disabilities in affected infants.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We conducted a literature review and highlighted articles that pertained to the historical perspectives of the disease, its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management. Sources, including PubMed, were used as search engines, and applicable articles were cited as references.
RESULTS: AFE is one of the leading causes of maternal mortality and morbidity, as misdiagnosis is prevalent due to a lack of definitive diagnostic protocols for AFE. While new diagnostic methods are available, further study is needed to ensure that disease sensitivity is accurate.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Further research is needed to understand the mechanism and presentation of AFE, as prompt intervention is associated with positive maternal and fetal outcomes.
PMID:42241336 | DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000001554