HIV Res Clin Pract. 2025 Dec 31;26(1):2599069. doi: 10.1080/25787489.2025.2599069. Epub 2025 Dec 13.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Predicting which people with HIV are at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) would facilitate the targeted use of preventative strategies.
OBJECTIVES: This project investigated novel biomarkers of CAD and determined the longitudinal pattern of change approaching CAD.
METHODS: A retrospective single-centre case‒control study of samples from people with HIV and with CAD (cases, n = 64) matched by age (±5 years) and sex with people with HIV without CAD (n = 63). Demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, and HIV characteristics were collected. The samples were analysed immediately before and at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months prior to CAD. The biomarkers measured included soluble CD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein [LBP], C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein [hsCRP], interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [IL-1RA], interleukin-6 [IL-6], D-dimer, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, and soluble glycoprotein VI. Analyses were adjusted for the presence of HIV viraemia.
RESULTS: Immediately prior to CAD diagnosis, cases had higher D-dimer, hsCRP and, IL-6. Twelve months prior to the event, the only biomarker with a significant difference was IL-6 (2.4 pg/mL [1.6, 3.4] compared with 1.8 pg/mL [1.1, 33]). LBP, IL-1RA, D-dimer, hsCRP, and IL-6 demonstrated statistically significant increases in cases compared with controls 12 months prior to CAD, but all were stable in the period before this. Inflammatory biomarkers were strongly correlated and correlated with markers of HIV control (CD4 cell count and HIV VL).
CONCLUSIONS: IL-6, hsCRP, and D-dimer were associated with CAD and increased in the 12 months prior to the event. Further work is needed to determine whether an increase in these biomarkers could be used to prompt further investigation for CAD in people with HIV.
PMID:41390330 | DOI:10.1080/25787489.2025.2599069