Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2026 Nov;52(4):671-685. doi: 10.1016/j.rdc.2026.08.004. Epub 2026 Sep 17.
ABSTRACT
Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a spectrum of diseases that may present solely as fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss triggered by unknown stimuli, or it may occur in association with other systemic rheumatic diseases. This article will review primary AIED as well as the etiologies of secondary AIED. It will also describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management, including corticosteroids and steroid-sparing treatments.
PMID:42849989 | DOI:10.1016/j.rdc.2026.08.004