Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2026 Apr 20;72(2):e20251054. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.20251054. eCollection 2026.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and explore their potential diagnostic roles.
METHODS: The study involved 43 coronary artery disease patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and 43 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-40, and endorepellin were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v25.0, with significance set at p<0.05.
RESULTS: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 levels were significantly reduced, while tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 were elevated in coronary artery disease patients (p<0.001, p=0.003, p=0.001). Endorepellin levels did not differ significantly (p=0.120). Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 correlated inversely with tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40; tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-40 showed a positive correlation. Regression identified nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 as a tumor necrosis factor alpha predictor. Principal component analysis distinguished patients from controls based on biomarker profiles. These findings reflect enhanced inflammation and impaired antioxidant defense in coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 may serve as a novel inflammatory biomarker; endorepellin's unchanged levels suggest localized vascular effects.
CONCLUSION: Nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-40 emerged as significant biomarkers reflecting the inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms associated with coronary artery disease. Interleukin-40 and endorepellin may offer new insights into disease mechanisms and warrant further research.
PMID:42018841 | DOI:10.1590/1806-9282.20251054