Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2025 Aug 30;2025(4):e202539. doi: 10.21542/gcsp.2025.39. eCollection 2025 Aug 30.
ABSTRACT
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health issue, with atherosclerosis being a primary driver of their development. Atherosclerosis is driven by oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and lipid dysregulation, which ultimately lead to endothelial dysfunction and plaque formation. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound found in grapes and red wine, has emerged as a promising therapeutic agent due to its multivalent protective effects against atherosclerosis. This review outlines the role of resveratrol in the inhibition of key pathologic processes, including suppression of pro-inflammatory signaling pathways, enhancement of antioxidant defense mechanisms, and regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Resveratrol inhibits NF-κB activation, resulting in decreased vascular inflammation and reduced expression of adhesion molecules such as Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and Intercellular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), thereby preventing infiltration of immune cells into arterial vessels. Additionally, it increases cholesterol efflux by promoting ATP-binding cassette transporters (ABCA1), enhancing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function, and lowering lipid levels. Evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that resveratrol holds potential as a natural treatment for the prevention of atherosclerosis.
PMID:41978708 | PMC:PMC13070234 | DOI:10.21542/gcsp.2025.39