NPJ Cardiovasc Health. 2025 Nov 24;2(1):56. doi: 10.1038/s44325-025-00093-3.
ABSTRACT
Heart failure is a complex condition caused by various etiologies that reduce cardiac output or increase cardiac pressures. It is classified by left ventricular ejection fraction, a key prognostic factor. New therapies, devices, and better management of secondary causes have improved outcomes. A recently identified group-those with heart failure and improved ejection fraction-shows better prognosis. This review explores its definition, causes, clinical significance, and management strategies.
PMID:41776261 | DOI:10.1038/s44325-025-00093-3