Rev Med Suisse. 2026 Mar 4;22(952):452-458. doi: 10.53738/REVMED.2026.22.952.48360.
ABSTRACT
Cardio-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome combines cardiac, renal, and metabolic impairments. Albuminuria, as measured by the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, is a biomarker of endothelium-glomerular damage present in CKM syndrome. The gold standard method is quantitative measurement using an immunoenzymatic technique in a laboratory. Albuminuria is continuously associated with cardiovascular risk, even when the increase is modest. The improvement in cardiovascular prognosis achieved with treatments that reduce albuminuria suggests that CKM syndrome is reversible through multiple mechanisms. It is recommended measuring albuminuria in patients with arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, or diabetes, and then identifying those who may benefit from cardioprotective treatment.
PMID:41784938 | DOI:10.53738/REVMED.2026.22.952.48360