BMJ Open. 2026 Jun 11;16(6):e118713. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2026-118713.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to translate the Attitudes and Beliefs about Cardiovascular Disease (ABCD) Risk Questionnaire into Norwegian and assess its psychometric properties among individuals with a history of myocardial infarction.
DESIGN: The study adopted a cross-sectional design. The original questionnaire was translated into Norwegian and adapted for use in the target population. The Norwegian version was pilot tested in a sample of patients and then validated in the target population.
SETTING: Norway, using a web-based solution to collect data.
PATIENTS: A random sample of Norwegian individuals <85 years old with a history of myocardial infarction and no cardiovascular disease before their first myocardial infarction.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Internal consistency was tested using Cronbach's α and test-retest reliability using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Difficulty and discrimination indices were determined for the Knowledge scale. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess structural validity of the Risk scale.
RESULTS: Data for 746 participants (mean age, SD: 66.4, 10.3 years), of which 26.9% females were analysed. The Norwegian version showed satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.73-0.79) but modest test-retest reliability (ICC 0.35-0.64). The Knowledge scale showed moderate difficulty (0.39-0.84) and good discrimination power (0.44-0.60). The one-factor model CFA for each scale achieved acceptable fit, and the four-factor model showed moderate fit (root mean square error of approximation=0.05, standardised root mean squared residual=0.07, Comparative Fit Index=0.91, Tucker-Lewis Index=0.88).
CONCLUSIONS: The Norwegian translated ABCD Risk Questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties and can be considered a useful instrument for assessing knowledge and risk perception among individuals with a history of myocardial infarction.
PMID:42276808 | DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2026-118713